How to Start a College Essay

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News flash. Your professor, a human being afflicted with a lifetime addiction to reading, determines your essay grade. As much as you’ve been told about the importance of writing for your audience, your professors are the one member of your audience you need to please. And because professors are sophisticated readers, they value writing that contains a skillfully created opening and closing.

Engaging openings and closings, the intersection of academic and professional writing, offer you the opportunity to impress your professor and stand out among your peers. When you undervalue the importance of an enticing opening and closing, you’re leaving points on the page. Here I focus on what you need to know about writing openings, including the first few sentences and the title.

To learn how to write an excellent closing to your essay, and about all other aspects of college writing, check out my book College Writing For Dummies.

Standing out

When you're thinking about how to start off an essay, remember that the purpose of your opening includes the following:

• Engage your reader in the topic and establish the organizational structure of your essay.
• Convince your reader of the importance of your topic and raise reader questions about the topic.
• Clarify your position on the topic question, using language from the assignment sheet.
• Highlight your overall essay plan.
• Demonstrate your command of language.

As you're thinking about how to start your essay introduction, avoid experimenting with a delayed thesis, such as positioning the thesis in the closing. Avoid this until you regularly write A-graded college essays.

While your opening provides background to place your topic within context, college essays usually require a background paragraph following the opening paragraph. Be sure all background content is related to the thesis, not merely to the topic.

Including an anecdote

• Connect a different personal experience to each essay you’re assigned.
• Exercise your poetic license by writing an anecdote about an experience that happened to someone else.
• Write a fictional anecdote that appears believable if you’re feeling especially creative.
• Use one as a piece of evidence in the essay body. The more you use them, the better your skills at developing them.
• Use one as a style tool. Anecdotes are the gift that keep giving.

What to include in an anecdote

Strategies for writing anecdotes include the following:

• Name relevant people, places, and events.
• Identify relevant time references.
• Consider a twist or surprise ending.
• Add brief dialogue when appropriate.
• Brainstorm your anecdote similar to how you brainstorm your essay.
• Reference conclusions from your anecdote that apply to your essay’s thesis.

Grabbing your reader’s attention

• When I visited Alaska, I experienced the highlight of my travel experience — walking on a glacier.
• I will never forget the desperation on animals' faces when I volunteered at the center for abused animals.
• Some of the most memorable lessons I learned in middle school occurred outside the classroom on camping trips.
• I hide emotions well, but holding tears failed me when I recognized the name on the post.

I boarded the helicopter from the heliport in Juneau, Alaska — aware that one crashed in recent weeks — anticipating the experience of flying above an ice field, landing on the Mendenhall Glacier, and walking across frozen tundra, thousands of years old. I walked to the edge of crevasses, looking down hundreds of feet at the flow of blue glacier water. I witnessed the excitement of one of nature’s unique performances. But on the helicopter flight back to Juneau, nature offered one additional surprise that changed my comfort level with nature’s majesty.

Using additional openings strategies

• Series of questions: Many professors consider a one question opening a cliché strategy common to high school writing. But a series of questions raises the curiosity level and raises even more questions. Here’s a sample from my column reviewing Choke by Sian Beilock (Delco News Network): What’s the cause of high-performing students underperforming on a high-stakes standardized test such as the SAT and GRE (Graduate Record Examination)? What’s the cause of a professional athlete underperforming on a game-winning play or a pressure putt? Do underperforming students and athletes share common characteristics for their “choke”?
• What if? picture this: Another opening is the hypothetical “What if?” which raises questions and curiosities. Here’s a sample on a topic that interests you: What if colleges accepted more responsibility for ensuring graduation for the students they accept? What if their accountability included partial refunds of tuition and student loans for students who drop out? What if colleges fulfilled the promises to students and their parents made during freshmen orientation?

In addition to the previous opening strategies, openings also include the importance of the topic, the approach to the assignment, your position on the topic, and the thesis.

Steer clear of these types of openings

• Previewing your intentions for the essay, such as what you plan to cover
• A dictionary or encyclopedia definition of the topic
• Restating the topic
• Presenting an overview of the topic
• An all-encompassing phrase such as: “Since the dawn of time …”
• Quotations that suddenly appear in text without context or follow up

Focusing on the first sentences

• Arriving early and introducing yourself
• Sitting in the front row and assuming an academic position
• Actively participating in class discussions and taking notes
• Saying thank you on the way out of class

Unlike professional writers, inexperienced writers rarely prioritize first sentences and openings. Professional writers quickly learn that their most important sentence is the first because editors frequently buy or reject a piece of writing based on the reader connection of the first sentence. A lackluster title, first sentence, and opening won’t cost you money as a first-year student, but it can cost you a scoring opportunity.

Here’s a look at a few first-sentence strategies that will engage your reader, impress your professor, and score the grade (you can easily develop these first-sentence strategies into opening strategies):

• Surprise information: Readers enjoy a surprise. When the first-sentence surprise raises curiosity and questions, you have the ingredients for an engaging opening. Here’s a sample: Sleep researchers studying mice observed that the brain’s synapses, message connectors, surprisingly decrease about 20 percent after a few hours’ sleep. But they also discovered that the reduction makes you smarter. The second sentence (But they also …) shows a sentence that transitions into the thesis. Chapter 6 details more information about thesis statements.
• Expert quotations: Opening an essay with a quotation by an expert interests the most sophisticated readers, including your professor. Here’s an example: “Progress is made by trial and failure, the failures are generally a hundred times more numerous than the successes; yet they are usually left unchronicled,” said renowned chemist William Ramsey (1852–1916). Ramsey was referencing science, but his advice applies beyond science and into everyday life, including writing. The second sentence (Ramsey was referencing …) also shows a sentence that transitions into the thesis.
• Essential content connection: What is the most emotional part of your essay? For example, if your essay’s about the college dropout rate, play the emotional card by opening with a sentence describing what a college degree means to you and your family. Here’s a sample: I dreamed of my college graduation since my first day of school, but I didn’t dream of its financial and emotional toll on my family.

When your first sentence connects with your readers, you’re set up to deliver your second sentence and the remainder of your opening. Midway through your opening, your professor formulates a projection of your grade. Capitalize on the opportunity to impress your professor with a high-interest opening, and remember that good openings generate good grades.