Law for Small Business For Dummies UK Cheat Sheet

When you start on a long journey to somewhere new in your small or medium-size enterprise (SME), you need a map to follow. You need to consider some of the legal issues before you embark on that journey. At the initial stage of your small business, you have the following aspects in place:

• An idea for a potentially scalable product/service idea with a big enough target market.

• Some initial revenue models for how it can make money.

• A business plan with milestones.

• An idea of how much funding you need.

• Initial core management (maybe only one or two people).

If you feel that don’t have the head space to think about legal issues at this early stage, you may need to grow a bigger head! Here’s what you need to consider:

• Reviewing your potential legal structure: Do you want to be a sole trader, a general partnership, a limited company or a limited liability partnership?

• Checking Companies House, trademark and domain name registers: Search for competing trading names that may stop you using the name that you want.

• Setting up your business structure: You need to implement your decision as a sole trader/limited company/partnership structure. You also need to comply with formalities, such as registering your new enterprise with Companies House, filing resolutions and appointing directors.

• Drawing up and entering into agreements: These are shareholder and/or partnership agreements.

• Deciding what kind of external funding you require: Will it be loans, equity funding from angels, crowd funding?

• Raising funding: You need to raise funds, and close the funding agreement(s) for your seed-funding round.

During the launch stage of your small or medium-size enterprise, you need to consider a bunch of legal issues. A whole host of issues are going on at this stage in your small business, including:

• Hiring additional members of the team, whether as contractors or employees (make sure that you know the legal difference)

• Acquiring or creating key assets (software, content and so on)

• Creating a marketing plan

• Adding non-execs to give you more perspective and wider contacts

• Developing software, whether for your website, apps or programs

• Developing and launching a minimum viable product to get you into the marketplace

You have plenty to do just juggling these priorities. But don’t forget your legal priorities at this stage, otherwise all of those plates you’re spinning risk crashing to the ground. Here’s your legal to-do list during this stage of your business development:

• Create contracts for your contractors and consultants.

• Create contracts for your employees.

• Implement share option schemes for employees or anyone else you need to incentivize.

• Add non-exec agreements.

• Hire temporary staff.

• Set out your online trading terms/privacy terms.

• Comply with trading laws, such as the Electronic Commerce Directive, 2002.

• Comply with employment legislation (for example, Health and Safety at Work, 1974, Pensions Act, 2008, Data Protection Act, 1998).

• Contract for premises for your business.

• Review and protect your intellectual property, such as the potential for trademarks, patents, design rights, database rights and copyrights.

• Enter into software-development contracts.

It’s important that you remember to take important legal steps when you’re growing your small business. When your business is really flying, you’re rushing round excitedly doing the following simultaneously:

• Securing your next round of funding for sales and marketing

• Consolidating your supply chain

• Developing user growth and/or revenue

• Obtaining market validation

• Developing sales and distribution channels

• Expanding into new markets and territories

In your quieter moments, here are the legal priorities you have to contemplate as your business takes off:

• Agreeing terms for ‘series A’ funding and signing agreement(s)

• Negotiating and agreeing trading agreements for manufacture, distribution and licensing, wholesaling, and retailing

• Negotiating and agreeing service agreements for sales agents, sales affiliates and using software as a service (SaaS)

• Contracting with consumers

• Applying consumer law properly (for example, the Consumer Rights Act, 2015)

• Putting a proper process in place for dealing with consumer complaints

• Contracting abroad — exporting, franchising, licensing and setting up subsidiaries

As your business expands, you can’t neglect the legal aspects. Your expanding enterprise is a bit like a teenager experiencing growing pains — getting bigger at a startling rate but experiencing unexpected aches and strains that slow it down, or just make you want to have a lie down. These problems include:

• Trading risks from customers and suppliers who don’t pay on time or at all

• Disputes with trading partners, contractors or employees

• Pressures on cash as expansion costs outstrip your ability to pay your way

While mopping your fevered brow as you sweat about these threats, here are the legal to-dos to add to your list of concerns at this stage of your business’s growth:

• Create a credit control policy in place to make sure that people don’t owe you too much.

• Implement terms and conditions to deal with payment defaults by customers and suppliers.

• Defray risk by using invoice discounting or invoice factoring agreements to collect cash early.

• Set up insurance policies to mitigate risk (for example, insurance for employers’ liability and professional indemnity).

• Learn how to handle financial threats, such as statutory demands or attempts by bullying creditors to wind up your business.

• Manage disputes effectively — whether through the courts or other channels, such as mediation, arbitration or simply smart negotiation.

When you’re exiting (that is, selling) your small business, you need to know what’s required legally. At last — the finishing line is in sight. Like an over-heated decathlete you can’t stop extra disciplines being added to your list of events, including:

• Raising lots more money for significant growth

• Creating exponential growth through partnerships and joint ventures

• Buying or merging with other firms

• Repeating previous stages of the business with other products (diversifying)

• Preparing the business for expansion or sale

• Selling shares or assets

• Exiting the business

When plotting your path to blazing success, take note of this checklist of legal issues to consider:

• Implement significant ‘A’ or ‘B’ funding rounds.

• Enter joint venture agreements with other partners.

• Construct acquisition or merger agreements with target companies.

• Implement legal steps from previous stages of your business’ growth for new diversified products.

• Deal with terms sheets and any buyer’s due diligence.

• Contract to sell all or part of the business as shares or assets.