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How to Subtract Vectors

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Updated:  
2016-03-26 17:24:05
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Astrophysics For Dummies
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You don’t come across vector subtraction very often in physics problems, but it does pop up. To subtract two vectors, you put their feet (or tails, the non-pointy parts) together; then draw the resultant vector, which is the difference of the two vectors, from the head of the vector you’re subtracting to the head of the vector you’re subtracting it from.

Subtracting two vectors by putting their feet together and drawing the result.
Subtracting two vectors by putting their feet together and drawing the result.

To make heads or tails of this, check out the above figure, where you subtract A from C (in other words, CA). As you can see, the result is B, because C = A + B.

Another (and for some people, easier) way to do vector subtraction is to reverse the direction of the second vector (A in CA) and use vector addition; that is, reverse the direction of A, making it –A, and add it to C. C – –A = C + A, which gives B as the resultant vector.

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Dr. Steven Holzner has written more than 40 books about physics and programming. He was a contributing editor at PC Magazine and was on the faculty at both MIT and Cornell. He has authored Dummies titles including Physics For Dummies and Physics Essentials For Dummies. Dr. Holzner received his PhD at Cornell.