Vitamin |
May Help with |
Food Sources |
A (retinol)
Better form: Retinyl palmitate and
betacarotene |
Cardiovascular health; cancer prevention; eye disease,
including cataracts and macular degeneration; skin conditions,
including acne and psoriasis; measles; inflammatory bowel disease
(IBD)
Note: Don’t take an elevated dose of vitamin A
as retinol or retinyl esters without your doctor’s approval.
If you’re pregnant, don’t take vitamin A beyond your
prenatal vitamins. Supplement vitamin A in children only as a last
resort and only at low dosages. |
Yellow, orange, and green vegetables and fruits, including
carrots, pumpkins, sweet potatoes, winter squash,
broccoli, peas, kale, spinach, apricots, peaches, tangerines |
B1 (thiamin)
Better form: Benfontamine |
Brain and nervous system support, cardiovascular health,
beriberi, Wernicke‐Korsakoff syndrome, cataracts,
Alzheimer’s disease, heart failure |
Sunflower seeds, navy beans, black beans, barley, green
peas |
B2 (riboflavin)
Better form: Riboflavin 5’‐phosphate |
Cardiovascular health, migraine headaches, cataracts, glaucoma,
cervical cancer |
Soybeans, beet greens, spinach, tempeh, yogurt |
B3 (niacin)
Better form: Nicotinic acid, not niacinamide
(nicotinamide) or inositol hexanicotinate |
Cardiovascular health, high cholesterol, atherosclerosis,
diabetes, osteoarthritis
Note: Don’t take niacin if you have gout, and
don’t take more than 1.5 grams daily without medical
supervision and monitoring of liver enzymes. |
Tuna, chicken, turkey, salmon, lamb |
B5 (pantothenic acid) |
Adrenal system support, nervous system support, high
cholesterol, high triglycerides, wound healing, rheumatoid
arthritis |
Whole grain cereals, eggs, meat, legumes, shitake
mushrooms |
B6 (pyridoxine)
Better form: Pyridoxal
5’‐phosphate |
Heart disease, morning sickness, macular degeneration,
depression, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), carpal tunnel syndrome,
rheumatoid arthritis, tardive dyskinesia
Note: Compromised liver function may prevent the
liver from converting other forms of B6 into pyridoxal
5’‐phosphate, which the body can use. |
Tuna, turkey, beef, chicken, salmon |
B7 (biotin) |
Blood glucose regulation, hair and nail problems, seborrheic
dermatitis, diabetes, peripheral neuropathy |
Organ meats, peanuts, almonds, barley, brewer’s
yeast |
B9 (folate)
Better form:
5‐MTHF (5‐methyltetrahydrofolate) |
Brain and nervous system health, neural tube defect prevention
in pregnancy, heart disease, age‐related hearing loss,
macular degeneration, depression, cancer |
Leafy green vegetables, legumes and lentils, avocado,
broccoli, mango |
B12 (cobalamin)
Better form: Methylcobalamin, sublingual,
fast‐dissolving tablet |
Pernicious anemia, heart disease, macular degeneration,
fatigue, breast cancer, male infertility |
Fish and shellfish, dairy products, organ meats (especially
liver and kidney), eggs |
Choline
Better form: Choline dihydrogen citrate |
Brain and nervous system health, neural development in
pregnancy, liver and kidney health, asthma |
Eggs, brussels sprouts, broccoli, cauliflower, collard
greens |
C
Better form: Mineral ascorbates |
Heart disease, high blood pressure, common cold, cancer,
osteoarthritis, macular degeneration, pre‐eclampsia, asthma,
immune support
Note: Avoid vitamin C as ascorbic acid and any
products that contain sugar or artificial sweeteners. |
Papaya, bell peppers, broccoli, pineapple, citrus fruits and
juices |
D
Better form: D3 (cholecalciferol) |
Osteoporosis and other bone disorders, immune support,
autoimmune disorders, neurological brain disorders,
Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, balance, parathyroid
problems, high blood pressure, cancer, seasonal affective disorder
(SAD), diabetes, heart disease, multiple sclerosis (MS), obesity,
overall longevity
Note: If you’re taking a vitamin D supplement,
adequate calcium and magnesium intake are also required. See note
following this table for dosage information. |
Sunlight, beef liver, cheese, egg yolks, fatty fish |
E
Better form: Mix of tocopherols and tocotrienols |
Heart disease, cancer, photodermatitis, Alzheimer’s
disease, eye health, menstrual pain, diabetes, pre‐eclampsia,
tardive dyskinesia, rheumatoid arthritis, lipid production |
Liver, eggs, nuts (especially almonds, hazelnuts, and walnuts),
sunflower seeds, green leafy vegetables |
K
Better form: K2 (menaquinone) |
Excessive bleeding; osteoporosis
Note: Don’t supplement with
vitamin K if you’re on blood‐thinning medications. |
Kale, spinach, greens (mustard, collard, and beet) |