When you buy a fixed deferred annuity, you’re indirectly lending money — without taking the risk that the borrower won’t pay you back. The process is fairly simple. In most cases, you hand a check to an agent, who sends it on to an insurance company. The insurer promises that your money will earn a certain rate of interest for at least the first year.
When it receives your money, the insurance company adds it to its general account (where it pools most of its incoming premiums). It invests that money as it sees fit — usually in safe government securities or high-quality corporate bonds that pay a slightly higher rate of interest than the insurance company pays you.
The difference between the rate the carrier earns and what it pays you is known as the spread. The wider the spread, the more money the carrier makes. If one of the carrier’s creditors defaults on its bonds, that’s the carrier’s problem, not yours. The carrier has to pay you back. It gave you a guarantee.
The carrier pays you compound interest on your premium, which means that
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In the first year, you earn interest on your investment.
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In the second year, you earn interest on your investment plus your first year’s interest.
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In the third year, you earn interest on your investment plus your first year’s interest and your second year’s interest, and so on.
