How to Use Continuous Lighting in Your Photography

Constant lighting gives you the advantage of being able to see in advance where and how the light is going to hit your subject, making it easier to get the light just right before you shoot. (Some flashes do offer a modeling flash feature, which outputs a blinking burst of light so that you can preview the flash, but it happens so quickly that it’s difficult to make a judgment on whether you’ve got things set up right or not.)

The downside to continuous lights is that they require either AC power or suck up battery juice like crazy — which makes sense, given the lights are drawing power, uh, continuously. Additionally, continuous lights that offer enough output to do the job well aren’t any less costly than a good external flash.

Today, you can get the benefits of constant lighting by buying products that use LED or fluorescent bulbs. Some of these lighting products are aimed primarily at videographers — movie recording requires constant lighting — but they can do dual duty for still photography. Some can even connect to your camera via a hot shoe, just like an external flash. The below image shows one such product, an LED light panel from Smith-Victor, which costs about $110.

Courtesy Smith-Victor
This Smith-Victor LED light panel can attach to your camera via a hot shoe, offering continuous lighting on the go.

Setting up a small photography lighting studio

The following image offers an illustration. The photographer used a regular, built-in flash to take the picture on the left, resulting in harsh shadows and uneven lighting.

Using the built-in flash produced harsh shadows and uneven lighting; the second image was lit using the two-light setup shown below.

To get the result shown on the right, the multiple-flash setup you see in the next image was used.

To achieve the bright, shadow-free illumination all the way around the camera, cross lighting was used, which means one remote flash was placed to the left of the camera and another to the right. With cross lighting, the light from the left flash takes out the shadows cast by the right flash, and vice versa.

Here’s a basic cross-lighting setup, which can produce shadow-free product shots.

Here’s a list of the tools involved in the multiple-light tabletop setup:

• Camera: The photo was shot with a Nikon dSLR mounted on a tripod. This camera has features associated with Nikon’s commander/remote flash system, known as the Nikon Creative Lighting System (CLS). For this shot, the camera’s built-in flash was used to trigger the off-camera flashes. The photographer set the built-in flash to emit only enough light to trigger the remote flashes because she didn’t want any light hitting the front of the subject, which sports lots of shiny bits that might reflect a stronger pop of light.

Although this setup happens to feature Nikon products, many other camera and lighting manufacturers offer these same capabilities.

• Remote flash units: This setup features two external flash units that are also compatible with Nikon CLS. The flash head to the left of the table is a regular external flash, and the one on the right is a smaller unit that works only as a remote flash.

  When you use multiple flash units like this, it’s nice to be able to adjust the flash power of each unit separately. That way, you can set one light to be the primary light — key light, in photo terms — and use the second to add just a little illumination from another direction. Also, if your flash units are different sizes, you may need to dial down the power of the larger unit and increase the power of the smaller one to keep the lighting even across the scene.

• Light stands: Although most flash units come with a small stand that enables you to set them upright on any flat surface, you can mount them on light stands so that you can set the flashes at any height. These particular stands also enable you to rotate the angle of the flash up or down.
• Umbrella diffusers: Each light stand has an adapter that holds a translucent umbrella, which diffuses the light.
• Product backdrop: The white, curved backdrop on the table is designed especially for product photography and is from CloudDome. Unfortunately, this particular backdrop isn’t available any longer, but you can find similar solutions if you do an online search for product-photography backdrops. Or you can rig up a DIY version by using a flexible piece of white matte board.
• Shooting table: You can buy portable shooting tables on wheels to use for your product photography, but you can also just use a dining room table in a pinch.

Obviously, this background isn’t a required element for tabletop photography. You can put your setup somewhere not impacted by window light.

A pop-up background is perfect if you want to raise your portrait photography game, however. The left image below shows tone setup for a portrait-shooting variation of a multiple-flash studio. All you have to do to change the setup is drag the table out of the way, move a small stool in front of the backdrop, and reposition the lights.

Also below, the lights are set up in a traditional portrait-lighting orientation, with one light set at about a 45-degree angle and above the subject and the other set directly to the side, at about the height of the subject’s face.

Here’s the portrait-shooting variation of the studio.

There’s one other product added to the mix: a tool called a reflector which is placed in front of the subject, resting it against a painter’s easel. The reflector catches some of the light from the remote flashes and bounces it upward towards the subject, helping to banish any shadows that might otherwise appear under the eyes and to soften shadowing under the chin and nose.

The right image above shows an example of the result of this lighting setup. Notice that the background, although white in real life, appears as a nice, soft gray in the photo. That’s because the background is far enough from the lights that it doesn’t become fully illuminated in the shot.

The best things about these setups — other than the benefits to images — it that teardown and storage is simple. The light stands and umbrellas collapse and go into a carrying bag. The pop-up background and reflector also fold up into their own carrying cases, and both flashes fit nicely in a camera bag. Everything is lightweight and compact enough to take to remote sites.

As for cost, the whole shebang was les than $500, minus the two flash units. The smaller, remote-only flash cost another couple hundred dollars.

You can use a similar setup with continuous lights, by the way. Just make sure that the light stands and diffusers you buy are compatible with the type of light you choose.

Looking at simpler (and cheaper) photography lighting setups

The image below shows an example. The backdrop is a black velvet skirt draped over a picture frame with the subject, a jade horse, in front of it. Again, the window that’s behind the table was blocked off using a pop-up portrait backdrop.

The jade horse is fairly reflective, so to keep light from shining on the surface, the window was blocked. For the same reason, the camera was placed on a tripod. That way, a shutter speed slow enough to expose the image using only ambient lighting coming through windows could be used. The resulting product shot appears on the right.

Here’s proof that you don’t have to invest in expensive lighting setups to take good product shots.

Don’t have a velvet skirt lying around? Really, any piece of plain or subtly patterned fabric will do. Other inexpensive and easily available background options are poster board and matte board, which you can pick up at any arts and crafts store.

Lighting, too, can be done on the cheap, even with a hardware-store clamp light — the kind that has a silver, reflective dish and a socket for installing a light bulb. Just be sure to buy a bulb that is as color neutral as possible so your photo colors aren’t affected by the light's hue.

You can also use clip-on LED office lights for simple desktop setups; the left image below gives you a peek at a makeshift stage created atop a file cabinet to shoot a still-life creation. Again, the backdrop is from the fabric-store remnant pile. The final photo appears on the right side.

The photographer used two standard, clip-on LED lamps to light this still-life shot.

Some final advice on this issue is that if you shoot a lot of small or medium-sized products and grow weary of having to hunt for backdrops and set up lights all the time, you may find it worthwhile to invest in a light box, which is a small, portable product-shooting solution. Many are simply soft, flexible cubes made out of translucent panels; you set your product inside and set up your lights outside the box. Then panels diffuse the light, helping to eliminate harsh shadows and reflection.

One example of this type of product is the is the Fotodiox LED Studio-in-a-Box, shown below. Photographers like this design because of its flexibility: You can open the front of the box to shoot your subject from the front, or if you want to prevent any ambient light from hitting your subject, you can close the front panel and shoot through an opening on the top of the box.

The 28 x 28-inch version shown below sells for about $135 (Fotodiox,). It comes with four colored inserts that you can install if you don’t want a white background, and it folds flat into a compact package for storage. The other nice thing about this solution is that you don’t have to invest in or tote around separate lights as you do with a translucent tent. The only caveat is that the built-in light requires AC power.

Courtesy Fotodiox, Inc.
This product-lighting kit from Fotodiox has built-in LED lighting and enables you to shoot from the front of the box or through a small hole in the top.

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