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First, to power on the iPad, press and hold the Sleep/Wake button on the top of the iPad until the Apple logo appears. While the iPad is on, it draws from its battery (unless it's plugged in, of course.)
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To put the iPad temporarily to sleep, press the Sleep/Wake button. The iPad goes to sleep; the screen goes black and is locked.
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If you bought a Smart Cover with your iPad, just fold the cover over the front of the screen and iPad goes to sleep; open the cover to wake up the iPad.
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To wake the iPad back up, press the Home button or slide the Sleep/Wake slider. The iPad wakes up. Swipe the onscreen arrow on the Slide to Unlock bar on the bottom of the screen to unlock the iPad.
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To turn off the iPad, press and hold the Sleep/Wake button until the Slide to Power Off bar appears at the top of the screen, and then swipe the bar. The iPad powers down.
The iPad automatically enters sleep mode after a few minutes of inactivity. You can change the time interval at which it sleeps by adjusting the Auto-Lock feature in Settings.