{"appState":{"pageLoadApiCallsStatus":true},"authorState":{"author":{"headers":{"timestamp":"2023-07-17T12:49:22+00:00"},"authorId":34539,"data":{"name":"Joseph J. Giampalmi","slug":"joseph-j-giampalmi","description":"","photo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}}},"authorLoadedStatus":"success"},"listState":{"list":{"count":2,"total":2,"items":[{"headers":{"creationTime":"2023-07-05T17:51:50+00:00","modifiedTime":"2023-07-06T15:09:26+00:00","timestamp":"2023-07-06T18:01:21+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Academics & The Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33662"},"slug":"academics-the-arts","categoryId":33662},{"name":"Language & Language Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33687"},"slug":"language-language-arts","categoryId":33687},{"name":"Writing","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33711"},"slug":"writing","categoryId":33711}],"title":"College Research Papers For Dummies Cheat Sheet","strippedTitle":"college research papers for dummies cheat sheet","slug":"college-research-papers-for-dummies","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"This Cheat Sheet offers tips for writing college research papers, including online academic sources, unconventional rules of grammar, and more.","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"College researchers can’t have too many resource options for searching information. A researcher without a supply of resources is like a well without water and no source of quenching academic thirst.\r\n\r\nCollege researchers frequently need supplemental sources of academic research. Additional resources also include uncommon rules of grammar and usage and strategies for presenting research papers in the classroom.\r\n\r\nThis Cheat Sheet offers online academic sources, unconventional rules of grammar and usage, tips for presenting research papers, and more.","description":"College researchers can’t have too many resource options for searching information. A researcher without a supply of resources is like a well without water and no source of quenching academic thirst.\r\n\r\nCollege researchers frequently need supplemental sources of academic research. Additional resources also include uncommon rules of grammar and usage and strategies for presenting research papers in the classroom.\r\n\r\nThis Cheat Sheet offers online academic sources, unconventional rules of grammar and usage, tips for presenting research papers, and more.","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":34539,"name":"Joseph J. Giampalmi","slug":"joseph-j-giampalmi","description":"","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/34539"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33711,"title":"Writing","slug":"writing","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33711"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":296370,"title":"The Many Benefits of Keeping a Journal","slug":"the-many-benefits-of-keeping-a-journal","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","writing"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/296370"}},{"articleId":296242,"title":"What Is Reflective Journaling?","slug":"what-is-reflective-journaling","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","writing"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/296242"}},{"articleId":296124,"title":"Journaling By Hand vs. Computer","slug":"is-it-better-to-journal-on-paper-or-a-computer","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","writing"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/296124"}},{"articleId":295412,"title":"Journaling For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"journaling-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","writing"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/295412"}},{"articleId":294700,"title":"College Writing For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"college-writing-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","writing"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/294700"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":299537,"slug":"college-research-papers-for-dummies","isbn":"9781394191109","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","writing"],"amazon":{"default":"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1394191103/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","ca":"https://www.amazon.ca/gp/product/1394191103/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","indigo_ca":"http://www.tkqlhce.com/click-9208661-13710633?url=https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/product/1394191103-item.html&cjsku=978111945484","gb":"https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1394191103/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","de":"https://www.amazon.de/gp/product/1394191103/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20"},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/college-research-papers-for-dummies-cover-9781394191109-207x255.jpg","width":207,"height":255},"title":"College Research Papers For Dummies","testBankPinActivationLink":"","bookOutOfPrint":true,"authorsInfo":"","authors":[{"authorId":34539,"name":"Joseph J. Giampalmi","slug":"joseph-j-giampalmi","description":"","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/34539"}}],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{"key":"cat","values":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","writing"]},{"key":"isbn","values":["9781394191109"]}]\" id=\"du-slot-64a7017131e3d\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{"key":"cat","values":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","writing"]},{"key":"isbn","values":["9781394191109"]}]\" id=\"du-slot-64a7017132bd8\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","articleList":[{"articleId":0,"title":"","slug":null,"categoryList":[],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/"}}],"content":[{"title":"10-plus online resources for improving research writing","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>College research papers are your invitation to participate at the adult dinner table with other scholars. And the menu includes portions of some of the tastiest, yet unlikely sources you likely never used.</p>\n<p>Many of the following sources are free, and many have premium versions available through your college library. They’re all A-list sources for your college research. You can access most of them through your college library.</p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Library of Congress:</strong> The largest library in the world contains millions of books, drawings, web pages, digital documents, legislature, videos, audio recordings, maps, photographs, newspapers, music, web archives, and 3D objects. The collection also includes historical American newspapers from 1777 to 1963. Information is searchable by author, subject, title, and call number. Library support includes a researcher orientation and “Ask a librarian.”</p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">The Library of Congress occupies three buildings on Capital Hill in Washington, D.C., and is available for student research onsite or online. Add a visit to the Library of Congress to your academic bucket list.</p>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Google Books:</strong> Google Books is an ebook distribution service operated by Google. Digital copies of books are provided by publishers and Google partners.</p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">Google Books was enhanced with a donation equivalent to $100 million of computer time that resulted in an online library of more than 10 million free searchable eBooks and magazines. Books are available as downloads or as online reading. The collection includes books in more than 400 languages.</p>\n</li>\n<li><strong>Project Gutenberg:</strong> Project Gutenberg is a library of more than 70,000 free ebooks, available to download or read online. The collection includes the world’s greatest literature, digitized by thousands of volunteers. Site features include collections of books on similar topics and lists of the most downloaded books. The first document downloaded was the <em>Declaration of Independence. </em></li>\n<li><strong>Science.gov:</strong> Science.gov is a collection of scientific research in full-text format. The site searches for materials from more than 60 databases and 2,000 scientific websites. The site continues to make available free journal articles, peer-reviewed articles, and research reports funded by federal science agencies. Information is available, without registration, to anyone interested in science.</li>\n<li><strong>Digital Commons Network:</strong> Digital Commons Network is a collection of free full-text scholarly articles from universities worldwide. It connects students and other researchers to peer-reviewed journal articles, in addition to dissertations, book chapters, and conference proceedings. The collection is organized and managed by university librarians worldwide.</li>\n<li><strong>PubMed Central:</strong> PubMed Central (PMC), part of the National Institutes of Health, is an academic database available for college students and other researchers. It contains free full-text scholarly articles in the fields of medicines and life sciences. PMC archives more than 8 million full-text articles.</li>\n<li><strong>WorldCat:</strong> WorldCat is a database that allows users to search collections in more than 10,000 libraries. It includes access to books, full-text articles, and materials available in local libraries worldwide. If you access WorldCat through your university library, you can request materials through the interlibrary loan system. Thousands of libraries have contributed access to millions of books, magazines, maps, photos, movies, audiobooks, and genealogical records.</li>\n<li><strong>Internet Archive:</strong> Internet Archive, a digital library of network sites, includes millions of free books, software, and more. Its “About” page describes its holdings as 737 billion web pages, 41 million books and texts, 14.8 million audio recordings (including 240 live concerts), 84 million videos, 4.4 million images, and 890,000 software programs. Its mission is described as providing “universal access to all knowledge.” Materials are open to anyone who opens a free account.</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Project MUSE:</strong> Project MUSE is a database of peer-reviewed academic journal articles and electronic books from more that 400 universities and scholarly organizations. Its sources focus on the humanities and social sciences. The nonprofit online collaborative between Johns Hopkins University and the Milton S. Eisenhauer Library at Johns Hopkins represents one of the world’s largest databases between libraries and publishers.</p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">MUSE’s journal articles are available by subscription to libraries, with more than 2,000 organizational subscriptions worldwide. Subscribers receive full-text PDFs. The database includes tutorials and instructional materials.</p>\n</li>\n<li><strong>ResearchGate:</strong> ResearchGate is a research and social networking site where researchers can share their work, locate collaborators, and ask questions about their research. It’s one of the world’s most active academic social networking sites, with a majority of its researchers in the sciences. Journal articles are free to read. Uploading research and engaging in discussion requires registration. ResearchGate users are approaching 20 million.</li>\n<li><strong>JSTOR:</strong> Short for “journal storage,” JSTOR is a digital library of academic journals, books, and other mostly peer-reviewed academic sources focused in the fields of the humanities and social sciences. The award-winning site provides research sources for professional scholars, students, journalists, and scientists. Almost all college libraries provide access to a version of JSTOR, and free versions are available through public domain and open access.</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Your college library:</strong> College libraries offer quiet and solitude environments that you may crave after your days in school. College students use the library for one of two good reasons: research or study. As a research location, it provides access to hard copies of books and materials that are otherwise only available in digital format. And when you take a study break and walk through the library, you may make discoveries of academic information you didn’t expect to find.</p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">Along your walk you’re also likely to see professional library staff who will probably ask you if they can help you locate materials. And if you ask enough questions, you may have a professional library staff member help you with your research paper.</p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">A secret among many students is the library’s use as the ideal study location. Here are reasons why many students prefer to study in their college library:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>The academic environment for studying is as good as it gets.</li>\n<li>Almost every student in the library is there to research or study.</li>\n<li>Academic support is immediately available if you want it.</li>\n<li>If you look like you don’t want to be interrupted from study, your friends will respect that — usually.</li>\n<li>You can find a location to hibernate and study, or you can be invisible among a crowd of books.</li>\n<li>Technology is available if you need it.</li>\n<li>If you need a socialization break, you can usually find that opportunity as well.</li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"first-para\"><strong>Anytime, anywhere, any device:</strong> As a college student and researcher, you have research access options unavailable to researchers decades ago, a time when high-tech research was microfilm and microfiche — miniature photos of research documents projected for reading. Hours available for research were limited, and many research efforts ended with frustration.</p>\n<p class=\"child-para\">Today, you have no limits on research availability. With internet access you can login to your library and download sources — from anywhere. Everyone has 24 hours in a day. Use your hours judiciously.</p>\n</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Unconventional rules of grammar and usage","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Most rules of grammar are common to many college students; other rules of grammar are commonly uncommon to college students. All rules apply to writing research papers and presenting them in class:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em>A</em> versus an:</strong> Many college students know that<em> a</em> is used before a word that begins with a consonant such as <em>a student</em>, and <em>an </em>is used before a word that begins with a vowel such as <em>an apple</em>. But many students misunderstand that the use of a and an is dependent on the sound of the words they precede and not the spelling. For example, <em>an honor</em> is correct because <em>honor </em>begins with the sound of the consonant <em>o</em>. Similarly correct are <em>a one-track mind </em>w-sound) and <em>a university </em>(u-sound)<em>.</em></li>\n<li><strong>Cite, sight, and site:</strong> <em>Cite</em>, a verb, means to reference a source. <em>Sight</em>, also a verb, means to locate visually. <em>Site</em>, a noun, means a location. <strong>Examples: </strong><em>Cite</em> sources accurately in your research. Did park rangers <em>sight</em> a bear? The conference<em> site</em> was relocated.</li>\n<li><strong>Possessive case preceding gerund:</strong> Use the possessive case for the word preceding a gerund (an <em>-ing</em> form of a verb such <em>researching,</em> and<em> writing</em>). <strong>Examples:</strong> We celebrated <em>Carli’s</em> graduating from West Chester. You worked hard to earn <em>your </em>acceptance into Ursinus.</li>\n<li><strong>Universal permission code:</strong> As a college student, you have a universal passcode to write the following: end sentences propositions (This is the course I told you <em>about);</em> begin sentences with conjunctions (<em>And</em> now the time has come to graduate); and to sometimes split infinitives (Professors are determined <em>to carefully evaluate</em> each student’s research paper).</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Tips for presenting research papers in the classroom","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>You’ve been presenting topics in the classroom since your first show and tell in first grade. But your college presentations include the challenge of condensing your talk into a short period of time, rather than expanding show and tell into a longer period of time.</p>\n<p>Take a look at these tips for classroom presentations of college research papers:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Organize into major sections.</strong> Organize your talk into the major sections of your paper: introduction, body and supporting evidence, and conclusion.</li>\n<li><strong>Don’t overtext your slides.</strong> If you’re using presentation technology, avoid excessive text on slides. Prefer keywords and applealing visuals.</li>\n<li><strong>Tell short stories.</strong> Tell your presentation as short stories. Don’t read a script. If you’re using notes, list key phrases rather than sentences. Tell stories such as how a reference librarian helped you develop research questions.</li>\n<li><strong>Look at friendly faces.</strong> Look at eyes of students who are receptive to your topic. Limit eye contact with your professor.</li>\n<li><strong>Rehearse for length and pace. </strong>Plan approximate minutes for each of the three major sections of your research paper. Record yourself. If you have a tendency to talk fast, write yourself a note to slow down.</li>\n<li><strong>Plan your first and last sentences. </strong>Plan your first sentence to engage your audience and your last sentence to leave a final message.</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Exploring your full-service library","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>In addition to information for your research, your library offers you a wealth of services to support your educational needs. A library staff represents specialized scholars dedicated to helping you reach your research and academic goals.</p>\n<p>Library staff help is as underutilized by college students as professors’ office hours. You’re leaving points on the floor when you research without help of the library that you’re paying for with your tuition. Librarians are usually open 16 hours a day, seven days a week — more hours than your favorite coffee shop.</p>\n<p>Here’s a look at services available at almost all college libraries:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Convenient contact:</strong> Expect your library to offer world-class customer service and convenient contacts including online chatting and texting, question responses, personalized research support, on-demand in-person help, and off-campus instant access — with response immediate or within 24 hours.</li>\n<li><strong>Simplified search access:</strong> Libraries commonly dedicate a few computers (sometimes called card-catalogue computers) to searching and indexing all library content. You can filter searches by books, websites, periodicals, peer-reviewed, media, full-text, publication date, PDF availability, and so forth.</li>\n<li><strong>Skill development:</strong> Your library is also a learning center offering orientations and workshops for research writing, priority databases, technology, searching, and managing sources.</li>\n<li><strong>Study areas:</strong> If you’re looking for a quiet or collaborative study area with the ambience of an award-winning restaurant, reserve a piece of library real estate for studying or reading.</li>\n<li><strong>Audio-visual rooms:</strong> Check out your library’s availability to work with cameras and video equipment in a dedicated space.</li>\n<li><strong>Computer research labs:</strong> A library computer lab can serve as a back-up for your computer or a convenience to research while in the library.</li>\n<li><strong>Tutorials:</strong> Many library databases, search engines, and information platforms offer tutorials for maximizing their use.</li>\n<li><strong>Software:</strong> Many libraries offer software for data analysis, production design, digital display, and research organization. Your reference librarian can tell you what’s available.</li>\n<li><strong>Journals and popular magazines:</strong> Most libraries dedicate space for journals and popular magazines and frequently schedule a journal specialist to help you.</li>\n<li><strong>Books:</strong> Of course, your library has shelves and floors of books, in addition to collections of e-books.</li>\n</ul>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"sponsorAd":"","sponsorEbookTitle":"","sponsorEbookLink":"","sponsorEbookImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Advance","lifeExpectancy":"Five years","lifeExpectancySetFrom":"2023-07-05T00:00:00+00:00","dummiesForKids":"no","sponsoredContent":"no","adInfo":"","adPairKey":[]},"status":"publish","visibility":"public","articleId":299578},{"headers":{"creationTime":"2022-08-15T19:46:40+00:00","modifiedTime":"2022-11-09T21:04:14+00:00","timestamp":"2022-11-10T00:01:03+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Academics & The Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33662"},"slug":"academics-the-arts","categoryId":33662},{"name":"Language & Language Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33687"},"slug":"language-language-arts","categoryId":33687},{"name":"Writing","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33711"},"slug":"writing","categoryId":33711}],"title":"College Writing For Dummies Cheat Sheet","strippedTitle":"college writing for dummies cheat sheet","slug":"college-writing-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"College students have style, and it shows with their aggressiveness for good grades, attire in the classroom, and energy on campus. This Cheat Sheet offers you ","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"College students have style, and it shows with their aggressiveness for good grades, attire in the classroom, and energy on campus. This Cheat Sheet offers you help with your style when writing your college essay during your first year in college.","description":"College students have style, and it shows with their aggressiveness for good grades, attire in the classroom, and energy on campus. This Cheat Sheet offers you help with your style when writing your college essay during your first year in college.","blurb":"","authors":[{"authorId":34539,"name":"Joseph J. 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He has taught more than 100 English composition courses.</p>","authors":[{"authorId":34513,"name":"Joe Giampalmi","slug":"joe-giampalmi","description":" <p><b>Joe Giampalmi, EdD,</b> is a hall-of-fame educator who’s been teaching students to mind their P’s and Q’s, use active voice, include Oxford commas, and support their arguments for more than 50 years. He has taught more than 100 English composition courses.</p> ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/34513"}}],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/books/"}},"collections":[],"articleAds":{"footerAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_adhesion_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{"key":"cat","values":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","writing"]},{"key":"isbn","values":["9781119895039"]}]\" id=\"du-slot-636c3f3f236c2\"></div></div>","rightAd":"<div class=\"du-ad-region row\" id=\"article_page_right_ad\"><div class=\"du-ad-unit col-md-12\" data-slot-id=\"article_page_right_ad\" data-refreshed=\"false\" \r\n data-target = \"[{"key":"cat","values":["academics-the-arts","language-language-arts","writing"]},{"key":"isbn","values":["9781119895039"]}]\" id=\"du-slot-636c3f3f246e2\"></div></div>"},"articleType":{"articleType":"Cheat Sheet","articleList":[{"articleId":0,"title":"","slug":null,"categoryList":[],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/"}}],"content":[{"title":"Eliminating unnecessary and overused words in your essays","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Extra words in a sentence are as useless as a fifth wheel on an ATV four-wheeler. They not only serve no purpose, but also inhibit forward progress. Unnecessary and overused words also distract your reader’s understanding of your message.</p>\n<p>When you eliminate unnecessary words and avoid overused words, you communicate a stronger message with fewer words. You say more with less. Here’s a two-step process for eliminating unnecessary and overused words:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Test the need for every word in a sentence and delete unnecessary words.</li>\n<li>Study this previous sentence. These are the unnecessary words you can cross out:</li>\n<li><span style=\"text-decoration: line-through;\">Test the need for every word in a sentence and</span> delete unnecessary words.</li>\n<li>Now look at the remaining words. Can they be reduced further? Yes:</li>\n<li>Avoid wordiness.</li>\n<li>That’s how writers build style.</li>\n<li>If a word or expression sounds familiar and you hear it regularly in spoken language, replace it. Here’s an example:</li>\n<li>Overused words: Back in the day, first-year students were not permitted to park vehicles on campus.</li>\n<li>Revised: In the 1990s, first-year students were not permitted to park vehicles on campus.</li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Steering clear of style sabotage","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Building style not only includes what you add to your writing, but also what you subtract from your writing. Here’s a look at additions by subtraction. Avoid the following style imposters.</p>\n<h3><strong>Repeating words</strong></h3>\n<p>As a general rule avoid repeating key words in the same sentence. Steer clear of writing a sentence, such as in the following:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Original:</strong> Children should wear bicycle <em>helmets</em> because <em>helmets</em> are inexpensive and wearing <em>helmets</em> protects against head injury.</li>\n<li><strong>Revised:</strong> Children should wear bicycle helmets because they’re inexpensive and protect against head injury.</li>\n</ul>\n<h3><strong>Self-referencing</strong></h3>\n<p>Eliminate self-referencing yourself as the author, such as in the following:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Original:</strong> When I was deciding on my topic for my research paper, I chose to write about wind energy.</li>\n<li><strong>Revised: </strong>I chose to write about wind energy.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Other self-references include the following phrases:</p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>The idea came to me when</td>\n<td>My friend suggested I include</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>From my perspective</td>\n<td>As I see it</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>When I thought about</td>\n<td>From my perspective</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>I discovered that</td>\n<td>It seems to me</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<h3><strong>Writing like you talk</strong></h3>\n<p>Have you ever recorded yourself, listened to it, and tried to figure out what you said? People think at 800 words per minute, talk at 125 words per minute, and write at 10 words per minute. If you write like you talk, you’re going to have a bundle of overused words and no place to use them.</p>\n<p>Write in the pattern you talk. Identify a topic and follow it with an action verb, as in the following:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Talking pattern:</strong> The person the professor talked about who wrote the book <em>The Great Gatsby</em> was F. Scott Fitzgerald.</li>\n<li><strong>Writing pattern:</strong> The professor said F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote <em>The Great Gatsby. </em></li>\n</ul>\n"},{"title":"Avoid sources of contention in college writing","thumb":null,"image":null,"content":"<p>Sources are high-priority to your college writing professors, who usually read the reference page before reading the content of your research paper. Here are categories of sources that your professors don’t want to see:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Outdated sources generally older than ten years, although some topics are outdated after three years</li>\n<li>.com (commercial) sites where information is influenced by money</li>\n<li>Social media posts and personal websites representing personal opinion</li>\n<li>Sources that lack citations, indicating lack of validation by the academic community</li>\n<li>Personal websites</li>\n<li>Movies</li>\n<li>Novels and similar literary fiction — unless, of course, you’re writing a literary topic</li>\n</ul>\n<p class=\"article-tips tip\">When you have questions about a source, ask your professor or a reference librarian.</p>\n"}],"videoInfo":{"videoId":null,"name":null,"accountId":null,"playerId":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"description":null,"uploadDate":null}},"sponsorship":{"sponsorshipPage":false,"backgroundImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"brandingLine":"","brandingLink":"","brandingLogo":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0},"sponsorAd":"","sponsorEbookTitle":"","sponsorEbookLink":"","sponsorEbookImage":{"src":null,"width":0,"height":0}},"primaryLearningPath":"Advance","lifeExpectancy":"Five 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Joseph J. Giampalmi

Joseph J. Giampalmi

Articles From Joseph J. Giampalmi

Writing College Research Papers For Dummies Cheat Sheet

Cheat Sheet / Updated 07-06-2023

College researchers can’t have too many resource options for searching information. A researcher without a supply of resources is like a well without water and no source of quenching academic thirst. College researchers frequently need supplemental sources of academic research. Additional resources also include uncommon rules of grammar and usage and strategies for presenting research papers in the classroom. This Cheat Sheet offers online academic sources, unconventional rules of grammar and usage, tips for presenting research papers, and more.

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Writing College Writing For Dummies Cheat Sheet

Cheat Sheet / Updated 11-09-2022

College students have style, and it shows with their aggressiveness for good grades, attire in the classroom, and energy on campus. This Cheat Sheet offers you help with your style when writing your college essay during your first year in college.

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