Patricia Yuu Pan

Article / Updated 06-28-2022

In a landmark decision on June 24, 2022, the U.S. Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade. The justices ruled 6-3, eliminating a woman's constitutional right to abortion after nearly 50 years of that right being guaranteed. At the time the decision was announced, about half of the states in the U.S. were poised to ban or severely restrict abortion following the Supreme Court's ruling. The decision had been expected because of a leaked draft of the court's deliberations in a related case titled Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization. News outlet Politico obtained the draft on May 2, 2022. The history of Roe v. Wade Roe versus Wade, better known as Roe v. Wade, is the 1973 U.S. Supreme Court decision that legalized abortion within the first two months of pregnancy. Up until then, individual state laws regulated abortions, thereby forcing women to illegal clinics or untrained practitioners. The lack of proper medical supervision in these situations was dangerous for the women. The roots of this case lie in Dallas, Texas, in 1969. At the time, obtaining or attempting an abortion was illegal in Texas, except in cases where the woman could die. Twenty-one-year-old Norma McCorvey was single and pregnant. Thinking that abortions were legal in cases of rape and incest, she tried to get an abortion by falsely claiming she was raped. But because there was no police report to prove it, she sought the alternative, an illegal abortion. Once again, her efforts failed — police had shut down the illegal clinic. Norma's next step was to find a lawyer to sue for the right to get an abortion. Two young attorneys named Sarah Weddington and Linda Coffee, dedicated to women's advocacy, took Norma's case and dubbed their plaintiff "Jane Roe" to protect her identity. On March 3, 1970, Coffee filed a complaint, Roe v. Wade (later amended to a class-action suit), at the Dallas federal district courthouse, suing the State of Texas over the constitutionality over its abortion laws. Henry Wade was the defending district attorney. Roe won the case when the district court decided that the Texas laws were vague and infringed on the Ninth and Fourteenth Amendments of the U.S. Constitution. The Ninth Amendment protects citizens' rights not listed in other parts of the Constitution, including the right to privacy. Norma's attorneys argued that this extended to a woman's right to decide to bear children or not. The Fourteenth Amendment ensures that no state can abridge a citizen's fundamental rights without due process. The case was appealed and landed in the U.S. Supreme Court. On January 22, 1973, the Court handed down its decision in favor of Roe, declaring: [The] right to privacy, whether it be founded in the Fourteenth Amendment's concept of personal liberty and restrictions upon state action, as we feel it is, or, as the district court determined, in the Ninth Amendment's reservation of rights to the people, is broad enough to encompass a woman's decision whether or not to terminate her pregnancy."[ The Supreme Court ruling didn't come in time for Norma McCorvey to have an abortion. She delivered a child even before the district court ruled in her favor in 1970; that child was immediately adopted. Roe v. Wade remains as polarizing as ever. Right-to-privacy proponents, anti-abortionists, religious groups, and women's rights advocates are just some of the organizations involved in this heated socio-political issue.

Step by Step / Updated 11-09-2021

Making flat, tailored ribbon bows is quick and easy. A tailored ribbon bow lends a clean, modern edge to gift wrapping; and because it's flat, this bow is ideal for gifts that will be shipped or stacked.

Article / Updated 12-09-2019

CrossFit super-enthusiasts who want to take it to the next level can become a Certified CrossFit Trainer (CCFT) or Certified CrossFit Coach (CCFC). Earning certification shows that you have the skills to work knowledgeably and effectively with individuals and groups at all levels of experience. And in a broader sense, certification ensures integrity and consistency among CrossFit certificants and affiliates. If you're not familiar with CrossFit, it's a high-intensity health and athletic exercise routine that has transformed into a global fitness philosophy and competitive sport. Check out this video for more insight and information on CrossFit training. The 4 levels of CrossFit certification CrossFit offers four levels of progressive certification beginning with Level 1(newbie status) and culminating at Level 4 (full-fledged coach): Level 1: A two-day introductory course covering basic movements, workouts, and CrossFit methods. Upon completion, you are a CF-L1 Trainer. Cost: $1,000 (US) Level 2: An intermediate course covering more advanced movements and coaching skills. Level 1 certification is a prerequisite. You can call yourself a CF-L2 Trainer. Cost: $1,000 (US) Level 3 or Certified CrossFit Trainer: It's at this level where you take the computer-based exam (more information follows) for certification as a certified trainer. You become a CCFT, in one of two ways: Attain Level 3 Certification. The prerequisites are Level 1 and Level 2 training, plus 750 hours of CrossFit coaching. You can identify yourself as a CF-L3 trainer or CCFT. Show that you have at least 1,500 hours of General Physical Preparedness (GPP) training with college or professional athletes. With this approach, you are known as a CCFT — but not a CF-L3, because you didn't go through the CF-L1 and CF-L2 training. Level 4: Certified CrossFit Coach (CCFC) — the top-level certification. To earn this, you must have L1 through L3 certification and pass an intense, one-day performance evaluation of your coaching abilities. Congratulations on your CF-L4, Coach! What you need to become a Certified CrossFit Trainer Here's a quick look at the application requirements for becoming a Certified CrossFit Trainer: Meet eligibility requirements, such as Medical certifications, such as CPR/AED, Advanced Cardiac Life Support, EMT/Paramedic Education and experience consisting of either Official CrossFit training (Level 1 and Level 2) and 750 hours of coaching, or 1,500 hours of strength and conditioning coaching at the university level or for a professional league sports team. Minimum age (18 years old) Agreement to act in accordance with the CrossFit Standards of Professional Practice. Pass the CCFT computer-based exam, consisting of 160 questions To take the exam, you need the following: CCFT application fee, nonrefundable Completed application form Examination fee (required after application form is approved) Time. The exam lasts 3 hours and 55 minutes. Commit to long-term continuing education. Enhance your professional development in a variety of areas such as gymnastics, Olympic weightlifting, endurance training, kettlebells, self-defense, rowing, and more. You can also take online classes or attend specialty seminars, publish a CrossFit Journal article, take a leadership role at a CrossFit event, or participate on a panel or advisory board. Other types of education (provided by third parties) might be eligible for continuing education credits, but they must be CrossFit-approved. How to maintain your CrossFit certification After you earn any of the CrossFit certifications, you can't just rest on your laurels. The following table shows what you need to keep your certification valid and up to date: Your Level What to Do to Maintain CrossFit Certification Your Cost CF-L1 Every five years, retake the two-day course and pass the 50-question written test $500 (US) CF-L2 Keep a current CF-L1 certificate and complete the Level 2 requirements $500 (US) every five years to retake the Level 1 course and test. CF-L3 or CCFT Recertify every three years by keeping your CPR certification current; earning 50 hours of continuing education credits over the three years; spend at least 300 hours on coaching every year for three years. None CF-L4 Keep a current CF-L3. See above. None

Step by Step / Updated 04-12-2017

Wrapping presents in gift bags and tissue paper is quick, versatile, and economical. The bags are reusable or recyclable and are perfect for wrapping oddly shaped gifts of all sizes. Gift-bag designs range from plain to over-the-top gorgeous, and tissue paper comes in a rainbow of colors.

Step by Step / Updated 03-27-2016

Make fluffy floral bows (florist bows) from ribbon to customize gifts and craft projects. A floral bow begins with a small central loop; the side loops gradually get larger as the bow gets bigger.

Step by Step / Updated 03-27-2016

Knowing the basics of how to wrap a gift makes the task quick and easy. After you master these easy gift-wrapping steps, you'll find your own shortcuts. If you're feeling ambitious after you wrap the present, embellish it with small extras such as ornaments or flowers. A beautifully wrapped gift is a present in itself and makes the recipient feel extra special.

Article / Updated 03-26-2016

Doctor Who (not Dr. Who) — a long-running British television series with a cult following — gained more momentum when it briefly introduced a new Doctor at the end of its 2013 season. The science fiction series is quickly increasing its equally fervent fan base in the United States as it airs on BBC America. If you're new to the show, this quick guide sets you up with fast facts on the 12 Doctors, the TARDIS (the time capsule disguised as a police box), Time Lords, regeneration, and more. Credit: ©iStockphoto.com/Wanlorn 2013London's last blue police box stands on Earl's Court Road. A bit of background on Doctor Who The Doctor Who pilot first aired on November 23, 1963. Amidst concern that the show's debut didn't reach the widest audience possible — U.S. President Kennedy had been assassinated just the day before — the first episode aired again, right before the second episode on November 30. The weekly show developed a solid following (ardent fans are called Whovians) and ran until 1989. In 1996 a made-for-TV film whetted fans' appetite for more Doctor Who, and in 2005, the BBC revived the TV series. To differentiate the two sets of shows, fans refer to the pre-1989 episodes as the "classic" series; later ones, beginning in 2005, are considered the "new" series (nicknamed NewWho or NuWho). Classic or new, the show continues to garner more fans worldwide. Basic plot of Doctor Who The planet Gallifrey is home to the Time Lords, a superior race of humanoids who can see the past, present, and future all at once. Time Lords have two hearts, ultra-human powers, and the ability to regenerate (reincarnate). After some disastrous meddling with other civilizations, the Time Lords decide to become observers of the universe and assume a code of non-interference. A Time Lord who has named himself the Doctor, however, feels otherwise; he defies the code and becomes a renegade, time-traveling throughout the universe to explore, battle evil, and spread around some positive influence. An ongoing war, called the Time War, crisscrosses space and time. Here, the Time Lords battle their powerful archenemy, the Daleks. The Doctor knows that he himself is the key to the annihilation of the universe: It's lights out for everyone if the Doctor ever utters the answer to the most dangerous question in the universe, "Doctor who?" In a massive and final attack, the Daleks surround Gallifrey and bombard it from all sides. Gallifrey seems to be doomed when the planet suddenly vanishes in a huge burst of blinding light. The Daleks end up firing at each other across the now-empty space and obliterate themselves. But where is Gallifrey? The 13 iterations of the Doctor had combined forces to transport the planet to a "pocket universe" where it exists in a state of suspension. What lies ahead are more adventures for the Doctor. So, who is the Doctor? The Doctor is referred to as "Doctor Who" only occasionally on the show and in the credits, and his real name is a mystery to viewers. As a Time Lord, he has the ability to regenerate instead of die, and he can do this up to 12 times before death is final. (So, the Doctor has 13 incarnations: the original plus 12 regenerations.) The High Council of Gallifrey, however, can grant additional regenerations. With each regeneration, the Doctor gets a new physical body, a new look (hair, clothes), and new personality (demeanor, quirks) — and it's a great device for the show's producers when they need to replace the actor playing the Doctor. The Doctor actors The television series, at more than 50 years old, has had 12 actors play the Doctor and one who played an interim incarnation named the "War Doctor." Here's an at-a-glance look at each incarnation: Doctor Who, When, and Why Which Doctor and which incarnation?Actor and when he played the roleWhy the Doctor regenerated First Doctor and first incarnation William Hartnell, November 1963–October 1966 Old age Second Doctor and second incarnation Patrick Troughton, October 1966–June 1969 By force, as punishment Third Doctor and third incarnation Jon Pertwee, January 1970–June 1974 Radiation poisoning Fourth Doctor and fourth incarnation Tom Baker, June 1974–March 1981 Injury Fifth Doctor and fifth incarnation Peter Davison, March 1981–March 1984 Sacrificed himself to save another's life. Sixth Doctor and sixth incarnation Colin Baker, March 1984–December 1986 Apparent injury, circumstances unknown Seventh Doctor and seventh incarnation Sylvester McCoy, September 1987–December 1989 (series cancelled) Injury Eighth Doctor and eighth incarnation Paul McGann, May 1996 (TV movie) Injury The War Doctor and ninth incarnation. Renounced the name of the "Doctor." Instead of being a healer, he became a warrior to help end the Time War. John Hurt, May 2013 and November 2013.Show producers created this role to preserve the storyline for the 50th anniversary episodes in 2013. Old age Ninth Doctor and tenth incarnation Christopher Eccleston, March–June 2005 (series revived) Sacrificed himself to save another's life. Tenth Doctor and eleventh incarnation David Tennant, June 2005–January 2010 Radiation poisoning Eleventh Doctor and twelfth incarnation. At the cusp of his death, he gets a new set of regenerations. Matt Smith, January 2010–December 2013. Old age Twelfth Doctor and thirteenth incarnation Peter Capaldi, December 2013–present ? The newest Doctor In 2014, actor Peter Capaldi plays the latest Doctor. He was born in Glasgow on April 14, 1958, and is the third Scottish actor to play the role — but the first one allowed to use his full-on Scottish accent! (Sylvester McCoy and David Tennant are the other Scottish actors, but they used English accents.) Capaldi, a two-time BAFTA award winner, is widely known across Britain for his roles in television series such as The Hour, The Thick of It, Torchwood, Fortysomething, and many more. He has serious silver-screen credits, as well: You might recognize Capaldi as Azolan, John Malkovich's page in the 1988 film Dangerous Liaisons. And he won a 1995 Academy Award for the short film Franz Kafka's It's A Wonderful Life, which he wrote and directed. The TARDIS: How the Doctor gets around The TARDIS (time and relative dimension in space) is the time machine that the Doctor uses to fly through time and space. It looks like a blue police box, which were common in London when the show debuted in 1963, and has since become an iconic symbol for the series. A police box contained a telephone with a direct line to the police station, a first-aid kit, and a notebook. Patrol officers used the police box to report crimes or check in with superiors; it was also available to the public for emergencies. What to know about the TARDIS: It comes in two types: military and exploratory (the Doctor's is the latter). The interior is much bigger than it looks from the outside, similar to the magic tent in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. Like a chameleon, it can change its exterior to look like its surroundings. But a broken circuit (since the very first series) keeps it in police-box mode. They are sentient. A TARDIS can react to the death of its Doctor. Inside are lots of rooms: living space, control rooms, art gallery/power station, library, swimming pool, storage, kitchen, and more. The actual interior dimensions of the TARDIS are unknown. Would you like to enter a virtual TARDIS? Google Maps has hidden a nifty easter egg, which enables you to enter a London police box that turns into a TARDIS with a 360-degree view.